Macbeth Essays (1002 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth 1) Early in Macbeth we consider Lady To be as the solid, normal, decided, aggressive, even savage lady ; then again we see an all the more swaying , frightful Macbeth. As the play advances, we see the two characters change. Talk about. In the play Macbeth we can see a change happen in both the charaters, I think that a large portion of the adjustment in the characters happens when they choose to actualy go ahead with the homicide of Duncan. After this homicide happens both Macbeth and Woman Macbeth appear to become in a manner ruthless. Not for their happiness yet for Macbeth to turn into the ruler. The appear to become overly enthusiastic with all the killings that they have made happen. Also, go on a slaughtering war way, executing any individual who impedes Macbeth recieving the seat. It is not long before the scene where Macbeth executes Duncan where the primary indication of Macbeth evolving happens, he turns into all unsettled and reluctant towards whether he ought to murder King Duncan or not, yet at long last Lady Macbet convinces Macbeth into commiting the homicide of Duncan. In any case, before the homicide you could some way or another as of now see the pressure developing on him. It was the compelling expressions of his better half Woman Macbeth that I figure caused him to do it. Woman Macbeth before the homicide was very quiet as her ussual self providing requests to Macbeth. After the homicide of Duncan this is the point at which you see the majority of the progressions start, as a matter of first importance it all begun with Macbeth he began to get anxious and started to see things that wernt truly there like the apparition of Duncan. I think this was the entirety start of the couples issues when Macbeth began seeing things, I think this was what begun Lady Macbeth off. This I think got her somewhat jumpy about phantoms and different spirits comming to get her this was the point at which you could begin to see a distinction in Lady Macbeth's mentality. I think it was incompletely since she was somewhat stressed over Macbeth and his issues with his seeing things. What messed more up for the Macbeth couple I believe was that they executed more individuals to give his crown purported natural products for an incredible remainder realy just to keep it secure. After all the killings that Macbeth had done both Macbeth anf Lady Macbeth realy lost it they ssaught of went of the rails and become realy wiped out in the psyche. Woman Macbeth realy changed as a part of her character side of things her entire demeanor to life had changed after all the killings that occurred. So in coclution I imagine that both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth realy changed towards the finish of the play. There entire character changed. Rather than Woman Macbeth being solid, decided and savage she has gotten slight disapproved what's more, frightened of what was to happened to her life, and rather than Macbeth being brave he had likewise gotten terrified and had fallen of the rails as long as he can remember had gotten dreadful. So I would need to state at long last they had definatly chaged there ways since the begining of the play. 1) Early in Macbeth we see Lady Macbeth as the solid, judicious, decided, aggressive, even merciless lady ; on the other hand we see an all the more swaying , dreadful Macbeth. As the play advances, we see the two characters change. Examine. In the play Macbeth we can see a change happen in both the charaters, I imagine that a large portion of the adjustment in the characters happens when they choose to actualy proceed with the homicide of Duncan. After this homicide happens both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth appear to become in a manner ruthless. Not for their happiness however for Macbeth to turn into the ruler. The appear to become really excited with all the murders that they have made occur. Also, go on a murdering path of destruction, slaughtering any individual who hinders Macbeth recieving the seat. It is not long previously the scene where Macbeth murders Duncan where the principal indication of Macbeth evolving happens, he turns into all upset and reluctant towards whether he should slaughter King Duncan or not, however at last Lady Macbet convinces Macbeth into commiting the murder of Duncan. In any case, before the homicide you could some way or another as of now observe the pressure developing on him. It was the commanding expressions of his better half

mind and machine essays

brain and machine papers Innovation has customarily developed as the consequence of human needs. Development, when prized and compensated, will perpetually ascend to satisfy the free market needs of society. It is in this domain that Artificial Intelligence inquire about and the resultant master frameworks have been produced. A significant part of the material that identifies with the field of Artificial Intelligence manages human brain research and the idea of cognizance. Comprehensive discussion on cognizance and the potential outcomes of consciousnessness in machines has enough, as I would see it, uncovered that it is most far-fetched that we will ever speak or interract with a machine of fake awareness. In John Searle's assortment of talks, Minds, Brains and Science, contentions revolving around the psyche body issue alone is adequate to persuade a sensible individual that its absolutely impossible science will ever disentangle the riddles of awareness. Key to Searle's examination of cognizance with regards to Artificial Intelligence machines are nullifications of solid and powerless AI propositions. Solid AI Theorists (SATs) accept that later on, humankind will manufacture machines that will think just as, if worse than people. To them, pesent innovation compels this accomplishment. The Weak AI Theorists (WATs), practically talk to the SATs, accept that on the off chance that a machine performs capacities that look like a human's, at that point there must be a connection among's it and cognizance. To them, there is no mechanical obstruction to intuition machines, in light of the fact that our most developed machines as of now might suspect. It is critical to survey Searle's nullifications of these separate scholars' suggestion to set up an establishment (with the end goal of this exposition) for talking about the utilizations of Artificial Intelligence, both now and later on. Solid AI Thesis, as indicated by Searle, can be portrayed in four essential recommendations. Suggestion one classifies human idea as the consequence of computational procedures. G... <!

Essay Topics About Development - Easy Psychological Writing Tips

Essay Topics About Development - Easy Psychological Writing TipsPsychology essay topics about development. While these topics are often overlooked, they do have an effect on the psychological well-being of their readers. Therefore, it is vital that you choose wisely.Psychology is a field that deals with how people function in society and in everyday life. This is primarily through the study of personality and behavior. In terms of essay topics about development, this can be a difficult field to write about as the subjects of your essay are usually limited to personal experiences or observations. This makes the essay very applicable to research psychologists as well as non-professionals.However, if you are a developmental psychologist and looking for research-based topics, there are plenty of books and research papers that you can turn to. However, if you are looking for topics to write about yourself, you may be in for a surprise. There are no easy answers as to how one should handle himself when writing a psychological essay topic about development.You could go the route of exploring the contents of one's own life and find out more about how one views the situation. Then you can write an essay on this subject, putting the same elements that you discovered in your own life in your essay. You can also try and include your own observations into the essay, as you would want your audience to see your observations from a new perspective.You can also look at your own experiences and draw parallels with the psychological basis. For example, if you had a series of bad experiences as a child, but overcame this adversity, then you may write your essay on overcoming adversity, putting similar attributes to your life story. This will help you develop an insight into the process of human growth and development.Other than these methods, a developmental psychologist would also write an essay that relates to the development of his patients. He can focus on their current proble m to try and solve it, as he himself has had similar problems, and he can relate his own experience in coping with these. This is a great technique to help you understand what exactly is happening to your patients, and this could help you and your patients achieve better relationships with each other.These are just some of the tips and techniques that a developmental psychologist could use to write an essay on topics about development. So whether you are a psychologist or not, make sure you spend time looking at the areas of your life that are impacted by the process of development.Regardless of your field, finding the right essay topics on development can benefit everyone. If you are a developmental psychologist, make sure you spend time researching your possible topic. You will come across a lot of useful resources online to help you.

The Battle of Plataea Persian War History

The Battle of Plataea believed to have been fought in August 479 BC, during the Persian Wars (499 BC-449 BC). Armies Commanders Greeks Pausaniasapprox. 40,000 men Persians Mardoniusapprox. 70,000-120,000 men Background In 480 BC, a large Persian army led by Xerxes invaded Greece. Though briefly checked during the opening phases of the Battle of Thermopylae in August, he eventually won the engagement and swept through Boeotia and Attica capturing Athens. Falling back, Greek forces fortified the Isthmus of Corinth to prevent the Persians from entering the Peloponnesus. That September, the Greek fleet won a stunning victory over the Persians at Salamis. Concerned that the victorious Greeks would sail north and destroy the pontoon bridges he had built over the Hellespont, Xerxes withdrew to Asia with the bulk of his men. Before departing, he formed a force under the command of Mardonius to complete the conquest of Greece. Assessing the situation, Mardonius elected to abandon Attica and withdrew north to Thessaly for the winter. This allowed the Athenians to reoccupy their city. As Athens was not protected by the defenses on the isthmus, Athens demanded that an Allied army be sent north in 479 to deal with the Persian threat. This was met with reluctance by Athens allies, despite the fact that the Athenian fleet was required to prevent Persian landings on the Peloponnesus. Sensing an opportunity, Mardonius attempted to woo Athens away from the other Greek city-states. These entreaties were refused and the Persians began marching south forcing Athens to be evacuated. With the enemy in their city, Athens, along with representatives of Megara and Plataea, approached Sparta and demanded that an army be sent north or they would defect to the Persians. Aware of the situation, the Spartan leadership was convinced to send aid by Chileos of Tegea shortly before the emissaries arrived. Arriving in Sparta, the Athenians were surprised to learn that an army was already on the move. Marching to Battle Alerted to the Spartan efforts, Mardonius effectively destroyed Athens before withdrawing towards Thebes with the goal of finding suitable terrain to employ his advantage in cavalry. Nearing Plataea, he established a fortified camp on the north bank of the Asopus River. Marching in pursuit, the Spartan army, led by Pausanias, was augmented by a large hoplite force from Athens commanded by Aristides as well as forces from the other allied cities. Moving through the passes of Mount Kithairon, Pausanias formed the combined army on high ground to the east of Plataea. Opening Moves Aware that an assault on the Greek position would be costly and unlikely to succeed, Mardonius began intriguing with the Greeks in an effort to break apart their alliance. In addition, he ordered a series of cavalry attacks in an attempt to lure the Greeks off the high ground. These failed and resulted in the death of his cavalry commander Masistius. Emboldened by this success, Pausanias advanced the army to high ground closer to the Persian camp with the Spartans and Tegeans on the right, the Athenians on the left, and the other allies in the center (Map). For the next eight days, the Greeks remained unwilling to abandon their favorable terrain, while Mardonius refused to attack. Instead, he sought to force the Greeks from the heights by attacking their supply lines. Persian cavalry began ranging in the Greek rear and intercepting supply convoys coming through the Mount Kithairon passes. After two days of these attacks, the Persian horse succeeded in denying the Greeks use of the Gargaphian Spring which was their only source of water. Placed in a perilous situation, the Greeks elected to fall back to a position in front of Plataea that night. The Battle of Plataea The movement was intended to be completed in the darkness as to prevent an attack. This goal was missed and dawn found the three segments of the Greek line scattered and out of position. Realizing the danger, Pausanias instructed the Athenians to join with his Spartans, however, this failed to occur when the former kept moving toward Plataea. In the Persian camp, Mardonius was surprised to find the heights empty and soon saw the Greeks withdrawing. Believing the enemy to be in full retreat, he gathered several of his elite infantry units and began pursuing. Without orders, the bulk of the Persian army also followed (Map). The Athenians were soon attacked by troops from Thebes which had allied with the Persians. To the east, the Spartans and Tegeans were assaulted by Persian cavalry and then archers. Under fire, their phalanxes advanced against the Persian infantry. Though outnumbered, the Greek hoplites were better armed and possessed better armor than the Persians. In a long fight, the Greeks began to gain the advantage. Arriving on the scene, Mardonius was struck down by slung stone and killed. Their commander dead, the Persians began a disorganized retreat back towards their camp. Sensing that defeat was near, the Persian commander Artabazus led his men away from the field towards Thessaly. On the western side of the battlefield, the Athenians were able to drive off the Thebans. Pushing forward the various Greek contingents converged on the Persian camp north of the river. Though the Persians vigorously defended the walls, they were eventually breached by the Tegeans. Storming inside, the Greeks proceeded to slaughter the trapped Persians. Of those who had fled to the camp, only 3,000 survived the fighting. Aftermath of Plataea As with most ancient battles, casualties for Plataea are not known with certainty. Depending on the source, Greek losses may have ranged from 159 to 10,000. The Greek historian Herodotus claimed that only 43,000 Persians survived the battle. While Artabazus men retreated back to Asia, the Greek army began efforts to capture Thebes as punishment for joining with the Persians. Around the time of Plataea, the Greek fleet won a decisive victory over the Persians at the Battle of Mycale. Combined, these two victories ended the second Persian invasion of Greece and marked a turn in the conflict. With the invasion threat lifted, the Greeks began offensive operations in Asia Minor.

Assessment Of The Legislative Roles Of Health Policy

Assessment of the Legislative Roles in Health Policy Introduction Implementing health policy in the United States combines powerful legal, ethical, and societal factors that can have lasting ramifications for everyone involved. Throughout history, various campaigns to insure the United States citizenry have faced defeat on numerous occasions. During the Truman era, the idea of national insurance gained momentum until Senator Taft likened it to communism and socialism, thus dooming it on all fronts (Physicians for a National Health Program, 2016). This demonstrates the power of the legislative branch to direct the narrative on health policy. The following discussion focuses on the legislative branch and its power to affect important healthcare stakeholders in both positive and negative ways. While implementing healthcare laws indiscriminately is bad policy, the failure to ensure the well-being of citizens to satisfy corporate interests is politics at its worst. The Stakeholders While there are numerous healthcare stakeholders, three sway the legislature through powerful lobbying efforts, and one whose voice gets lost in the rhetoric. Before discussing the legislative role, let us look at four important stakeholders. Payers In 2009, as the healthcare reform debate raged, lobbyists bending the ears of Congress rose exponentially. According to Eaton (2010), while many interest groups convened on Congress, the insurance lobby numbered eight for each member of Congress to ensureShow MoreRelatedEssay on Health and Social Care960 Words   |  4 Pageswords should include: Outcomes and assessment requirements Outcomes Assessment requirements On successful completion of this unit a learner will: To achieve each outcome a learner must demonstrate the ability to: LO1. 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Despite patient satisfaction with NPs style of care, nurses have been critical of NPs, while physicians have been threatened by NP encroachment on MD practice. Balancing assessment, diagnosis, and treatment with caring defines NPs success as primary care providers. Understand the role and Scope of Practice of NPs is sometimes difficult forRead MoreEssay about Nvq Level 31581 Words   |  7 Pagesthe learner to national and local policies in relation to infection control; to explain employer and employee responsibilities in this area; to understand how procedures and risk assessment can help minimise the risk of an outbreak of infection. Learners will also gain an understanding of how to use PPE correctly and gain an understanding of the importance of good personal hygiene. Credit Level 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 E xplain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to

Essay about Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 1760 Words

I. Introduction A. What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? B. Living with Generalized Anxiety Disorder II. Symptoms of GAD A. Mental B. Physical III. Who gets GAD? A. Risk Factors B. U.S. Statistics on GAD C. When does GAD start? D. Co-morbidities IV. Treatments for GAD A. Medications B. Therapy C. Self-Help V. Conclusion A. The future of GAD B. Living life with less anxiety C. Final thoughts Anxiety happens to everyone, at some point in time. In fact, a little anxiety can actually be good for you. It can help you respond appropriately to danger, and it can motivate you to excel at work and home. (www.mayoclinic.com) However, when anxiety becomes so strong that it affects your daily†¦show more content†¦(www.nmha.org) GAD affects approximately 6.8 million Americans, or about 3.1% of the population, between the ages of 18 and 54. (www.helpguide.org) Women are affected almost twice the number of times as men. Sadly, almost 2/3 of all people with a severe mental illness never receive treatment. (www.mentalhealth.com) The cost of treating patients with anxiety disorders (including GAD) are astronomical. According to The Economic Burden of Anxiety Disorders, a study commissioned by the ADAA and based on data gathered by the association and published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, anxiety disorders cost the U.S. more than $42 billion a year, almost one third of the $148 billion total mental health bill for the U.S. More than $22.84 billion of those costs are associated with the repeated use of healthcare services, as those with anxiety disorders seek relief for symptoms that mimic physical illnesses. People with an anxiety disorder are three-to-five times more likely to go to the doctor and six times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders than non-sufferers. 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Allgulander2012 GAD pervasive cogn dysfunction w/focus on threat and risk tow indiv/family Tension worry muscle pain sleep dist irritability PsychRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder1142 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder of shared self-reported symptoms. It goes with tension, uncontrollable worrying, sometimes muscle pain, trouble sleeping, and irritability that all together impair work ability, relations, and leisure activities. It is a common condition and there are psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders but not all patients respond to the same treatment as others. Finding a good treatment can take many months or sometimesRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Gad ) Essay2397 Words   |  10 PagesReview Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder in which an individual may feel persistent, excessive, and worry about everyday things that may not even happen. Individuals with this disorder may feel worry, excessive anxiety, and have thoughts of the worst even when there is no need for concern. A person experiencing GAD may expect a disaster. They may worry about their finances, money, health, family, work, or any issue that may come to mind. This disorder mayRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Gad )999 Words   |  4 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most diagnosed mental disorders today, and can often be closely linked to concurrent symptoms or disorders including physiological, behavioral, other anxiety disorders, depression and substance abuse. (Merino, Senra Ferreiro, 2016) (Cacioppo Fregberg, 2013, p. 688). GAD most notably produces symptoms of excessive worry and anxiety related to non-specific risks, which often leads to functional decline both socially and professionally (Roberge etRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder2902 Words   |  12 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry. This excessive worry often interferes with daily functioning, as individuals suffering GAD typically anticipate disaster, and are overly concerned about everyday matters such as health issues, money, death, family problems, friend problems, relationship problems or work difficulties.[1]

Sex Ed. Essay Example For Students

Sex Ed. Essay At some point during your youth, your parents probably took you aside and after several minutes of blushing and throat-clearing gave you the Readers Digest version of the birds and bees. (The folks apparently never realized that you had learned about sex in far more detail several years earlier from a friend in your preschool finger painting class.) But just what did we learn about the actual birds and bees, not to mention the thousands of other species of animals that share the Earth with us? They preen, they strut, they lure and, if all goes as planned, they have sex. You might be surprised by some of the following sexual facts and oddities concerning members of the wild kingdom. Unless that kid in your preschool class already covered this material. Warning: Some of these tidbits are not for the faint of heart. If you havent had the talk yet, you might want to be accompanied by an adult before you proceed. Perhaps the most astounding part of sex in the animal world is the sheer size of some of the sex parts themselves. Were you aware that one testicle of the average Blue whale can weigh up to 100 pounds? You can imagine the problems this causes. This startling fact might explain why you almost never see a Blue whale wearing shorts in public. Whales also hold the record for having the largest penises. A fact which they never fail to mention at parties, by the way. In large Rorqual whales the penis can be up to 10 feet long, with a diameter of up to one foot. Female Rorqual whales are notoriously cheery. Now you know why. But bigger isnt always better, necessarily. It is also interesting to note that insects hold their own record as well. If the largest animals have the largest sexual organs, it would follow that the smallest animals, insects, possess the most diminutive. While too small to be measured precisely, it is estimated that the smallest penis on the Earth is a fraction of a thousandth of an inch in size. Ladies, this will be welcome news to that insecure husband or boyfriend. And now the answer to that other question on your mind. Which animal is the proud owner of the longest sperm? Oddly, in this case, sperm size is not related to the size of the animal. In fact, the longest sperm amongst the mammals is produced by the Chinese hamster (around 30 microns in length.) You might need to know that at some point in your life, though I cant imagine at what point that might be. Perhaps this scenario will present itself:Mugger: All right. Give me your purse. You: Yikes. Mugger: Oh, by the way, Im going to shoot you. You: This light isnt very flattering. Mugger: No, I mean with this gun. You: Oh. Mugger: But you might be able to save yourself. You: And can I keep the purse? Its the only one I have to go with these shoes. Mugger: Just answer this question. Which mammal has the longest sperm?You: The Chinese hamster?Mugger: How should I know? Im a mugger. And while were on the subject, how long is a micron, anyway?The animal world is full of amazing quirks of nature. When it comes to the sexual anatomy and behavior of animals, new discoveries are being made all the time. (Except at 4:30 p.m., Eastern Standard Time.)For instance, most species of creatures have two sexes (male and female, for those of you who havent had the talk yet.) But scientists found that a crustacean, Tanais, has three sexes. The single-celled Parameciam amelia has eight different sexes, and you can be sure that this dramatically increases its chances of finding a date on short notice. Life On The Set EssayIt is surprising just how much sexual activity in the wild is made up of rituals which humans would generally consider painful or cruel. There are many examples of animals which vigorously bite into each other during intercourse (the females take the brunt of this practice), or which link up in other not-so-pleasant ways. The mating of dragonflies is fraught with complexity and discomfort. The male first grasps the thorax of the female with his legs, he then flexes his abdomen forward and affixes two claspers to the female. In some species a sticky secretion bonds the pair together as well. Then they fly off together, mating in mid-air. Clasping before marriage is frowned upon in the wild, incidentally. Mother dragonflies are often heard to say: You should be ashamed of yourself, clasping with every Coenagriidae you meet. In my day, we never let a man grasp our thorax, at least not until he was introduced to our parents.One of the oddest practices in the mating world belongs to a breed of fly. Its technical name is Serromyia femorata. The flies take up a position during sex which resembles kissing, but at the end of mating, the female sucks out the body content of the male through the mouth. So, what weve heard is apparently true. When it comes to a mate, its whats on the inside that counts. Ants, too, have a strange mating ritual. It seems both the queen ant (female) and the prince (male) have wings, and when the mating urge hitsgenerally after consuming a number of imported beersthey fly 100 feet into the air, have a brief copulation, then the males wings fall off and he dies. The female goes on to lay eggs resulting from that brief encounter for a period which can last up to 15 years. (Doctor hurry, its almost time, the contractions are coming six years apart now.) Female ants must surely be hoarse from all the screaming. Just about everyone has heard that the female praying mantis eats the head of its mate after sex. But were you aware that often the female mantis will consume its mates head during sex? Shockingly, this doesnt deter the male from finishing what hes begun. Thats right. If the male mantis has mounted the female before she begins to devour his head, he will successfully complete copulation without it. Most women have always suspected this would be the case with their human counterparts as well. The sexual practices of animals are almost as varied as our own. Porpoises often participate in group sex. Roman snails have been observed performing foreplay. Many fish seem to enjoy kissing as part of the mating ritual. It is believed that deer masturbate during the rutting season by stimulating their antlers. There seems to be no end to the variation. And all without the aid of manuals or how-to videos. Just instinct. All of this serves to remind us that although we fret and complain about our sex lives, we should keep in mind that in many ways weve got it easy. It should also keep us a bit more humble. For while we take a lot of pride in our sexual sophistication, it is useful to keep in mind that there are creatures around who have been doing it faster, longer, more often and even, on occasion, without their heads.

Is the UK still a two

Background The United Kingdom is made up of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which form a constitutional monarchy with the Monarch being the head of state, and the prime minister being the head of government. Under this constitutional framework, the regional governments of Scotland and Wales, the executive of Northern Ireland, and the UK government exercise their respective executive powers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the UK still a two-party system? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the UK government exercises the legislative powers in collaboration with the two chambers of the legislature, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Furthermore, the Northern Ireland, the Scottish, and the Welsh assemblies do also exercise their respective legislative powers. Moreover, the judiciary is independent of the legislature and the executive, and the Supreme Court of the UK forms the hi ghest court (Ingle 3). Conversely, the UK political party system is made up of several political parties in which two major parties, the Conservative and the Liberal parties, control parliamentary politics and government business. In addition, the Labour party has since replaced the Liberal party as the second major party in the UK. Therefore, over the past few years, the parliamentary politics in the UK show the dominance of the Labour and the Conservative parties in forming either coalition or minority governments. Here, the two major parties have been enlisting the support of other nationalist or third parties to form the working majority (Bartle and Allen 4). As a result, the UK has other parties alongside the two major parties such as the Liberal Democrats, which was born out of the Liberal party joining forces with the Social Democratic Party in 1988. Other nationalist parties in the UK include Plaid Cymru in Wales (1925), the Scottish National Party (1934), the Democratic Uni onist Party (1971) and the Ulster Unionist Party in Northern Ireland (Ingle 5). Therefore, it is arguably correct to describe the British political party system as a two-party system because this has been the case scenario in Britain since the 18th Century through the post-war era (Webb 3). However, since the 1960s, several changes in the history of the British party system are notable, and therefore, the notion that the UK is made up of a two-party system is equally questionable. For instance, in the recent past, most third parties in the UK have shown the willingness to take up more seats during elections, and in some occasions, there has been an obvious change in electoral behavior. Additionally, the regional support for the Labour and Conservative parties is also declining significantly (Webb 4). As a result, this essay presents discussions for and against the notion that the UK is still made up of a two-party system.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The classic two-party system in the UK According to Webb (3), a party system is an integral part of the settlement involving the political and institutional aspects of parliamentary politics. Here, the party system is classified relative to the arithmetical criterion such as two-party or multi-party systems. On the other hand, the party system can be classified according to the level of cooperation between different parties in the system. As a result, parties can interact at the legislative, electoral, regional, and executive arenas, and in so doing, the interactions between political parties create several political authorities and jurisdictions (Kelly 7). As a result, the notion that the UK is made up of a two-party democracy depends on the level of political party interaction and the arena upon which the political interaction is based. That said, the original two parties, which constituted a two-party system in the UK were the Conservatives and the Liberals (Bassett 23). In the 19th Century, the Liberals appeared to be the major governing party in the UK before the party begun an extended period of decline especially after the victory of 1906. As a result, the original two-party system underwent dramatic changes particularly through the rise of the Labour party to replace the Liberals as the second major party. Furthermore, the Liberals’ dominance weakened due to the partition of Ireland and the divided support of the Irish people who had to choose between supporting the Labour Party and the Liberals. Consequently, by 1929, the political party system in the UK was made up of three parties (Robins and Jones 34). However, it is correct for one to argue that the political party system in the UK is a classic two-party democracy in the period from 1945 to 1970. During this period, the two major parties in the UK played a central role in the understanding of the political party system in the UK, which is a majoritarian democracy (Denver 588; Webb 8). Here, the existence of other parties in parliamentary politics of the UK is overshadowed by the fact that the two major parties receive most of the votes during elections, and that these parties control the government business in parliament. Additionally, the nature of electoral behavior can be described as disproportionate because the first-past-the-post system of voting that has been in place since 1945 encourages and sustains a two-party democracy in the UK, and thereby making it unlikely for other third parties to be recognized (Blau 431).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the UK still a two-party system? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the first-past-the-post electoral system denies the third parties the chance to receive national support, and as a result, these parties enlist the support of regional political jurisdictions, w hich means that their chances of forming the working majority in parliament depend on other major parties (Clarke et al. 123). Conversely, studies show that the Labour and the Conservative parties favor the first-past-the-post electoral system despite the efforts made by the Liberals to have the UK adopt a three-party system that gives all the three parties the opportunity to form the government relative to the number of seats held by a certain party (Johnston et al. 143). As a result, the first-past-the-post system has given either of the two main parties an added advantage of receiving the majority votes except in 1974 when the Labour Party received a narrow victory. Despite receiving a small majority vote, the Labour Party continued to dominate the UK parliamentary politics through 1977 because the party enlisted the support of other third parties particularly through the Lib-Lab pact that saw the Labour and the Liberal parties forming a coalition government (Sanders 13). Convers ely, apart from the first-past-the-post electoral system, the likelihood of either the Liberal or the Welsh and Scottish Nationalist parties dismantling the two-party system in the early 1950s was challenged by the lack of enough resources and well known candidates (Field 196). However, in 2001, the Liberal democrats and the nationalists managed to produce candidates for most of the contested seats. As a result, the move by the third parties to produce their own candidates against those of the Conservatives and the Labour Party has had a significant impact on the two-party system in the UK. Here, the supporters of third parties had a choice to make in terms of voting for either of the two main parties or none particularly when the party of their choice failed to produce the preferred candidate in a particular constituency. As a result, the third parties almost doubled their support and votes against the two main parties in the period from 1950 to 1997. However, vote sharing between the third parties and the two main parties in the UK shows a little or no impact at all on the dynamics of the two-party system because the Conservative and Labour Parties still maintain unwavering dominance relative to the overall number of seats held by the two parties in the parliament to date (Whiteley et al. 354). Furthermore, the two-party system in the UK has been linked to certain aspects of electoral behavior and class alignment. Here, the two main parties enjoy political dominance because they represent the working and the middle classes (Mughan 195). Conversely, the Liberal democrats and the nationalists do not enjoy any class representation, and thus they are said to be politically disadvantaged. This electoral phenomenon is known as class alignment.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, to control more votes and political power, the Labour party and the Conservatives must enlist the support of the majority of the working class and a considerable percentage of the middle class (Whiteley 581). That said, most studies show that the period from 1950 to 1970 was an era of class alignment whereby the strong link between electoral behavior and class status appears to have denied other third parties the opportunity to make a significant impact in the parliamentary politics (Bassett 45). During this period, the two main parties received the highest percentage of votes from the two main classes because the parties represented class interests and values. Furthermore, the Conservatives and the Labour Party had several strong-holds such as South-East England for the Conservative Party, and the North of Wale and England for the Labour Party (Denver 590). As a result, other unrepresented constituencies played a central role in deciding the electoral outcomes because the degree of support for the two main parties was marginal or more balanced. However, since the 1970s, the connection between the electoral behavior and class status has been weakening but very much intact because of another political phenomenon known as partisan de-alignment. Through partisan de-alignment, the Conservative Party managed to receive the highest support of the working class in the period from 1979 to 1992 especially after the government formed by the Labour Party became consistently incredible (Clarke et al. 126). However, the extra support for the Conservatives begun to decline in 1992 after the Labour Party regained its credibility, and the victories of the Labour Party in 1997 and 2001 can be attributed to the shift of the middle-class support from the Conservatives to the Labour party. Therefore, it is probable that the dominance of the two main parties in the UK is still intact though weak. The rise of the multi-party system in the UK Despite that the two-party system is still intact in British politics to date, the electoral behaviors and voting tactics relative to the support for the two main parties have changed in different aspects. For instance, the notion that the two main parties will take the first or the second positions in most constituencies is no longer feasible. Moreover, the Conservative Party’s popularity in some political jurisdictions such as Scotland is on the decline due to the emergence of the strong support for Liberals and nationalists. Additionally, considering that the Conservative Party was the most famous political party in Scotland, and the second best in Wales until the 1950s, it is probable that the Conservatives have lost the Welsh and Scottish support because the party has failed in many ways to represent the people of Scotland and Wales (Kelly 54). Moreover, the intensified calls for devolution in some political jurisdictions further ruined the dominance of the Conservatives. However, during Margaret Thatcher’s reign as the Prime Minister, the Labour Party survived losing out on majority votes while the Conservatives lost almost all seats in Scotland and Wales. Here, the Welsh and Scottish people supported the Labour Party because the party stood for the devolution agenda in the two regions, and therefore, through the combined support from the Liberal Democrats and other Nationalist Parties, the Labour Party survived the storm, and went ahead to regain power and political dominance at Westminster (Denver 596). On the other hand, the Liberal Democratic Party enjoys the support from most regional political jurisdictions as the second best party in parliamentary politics. In some of these regions such as England, the existence of three competing parties makes it difficult for one to clearly define the political party system that is in place (Webb 15). For instance, in the recent past, there has been evidence of a two-party system in England whereby the electorate chooses bet ween either the Liberal Democrats and Conservatives or the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats instead of the usual trend of Labour and Conservatives (Sanders 15). Furthermore, in more balanced or marginal political jurisdictions, the battle for majority votes can either be three-way or four-way. For example, in Scotland and Wales, which have their respective regional assemblies, there is evidence of proportional representation of four different parties in parliamentary elections (Johnston et al. 154). Therefore, proportional representation of political parties in some regions of the UK shows that third parties have almost regained the support of different social classes, and as a result, their influence in parliamentary politics cannot be ignored. Furthermore, most Liberal Democrats propose that introducing electoral reforms in the UK will not only end the era of social class-oriented party representation, but it will also rid the UK of unpopular policies by single parties that pretend to represent the interests of the majority of voters (Field 200). In addition, the popularity of a two-party system in the UK has declined significantly due to tactical voting. Here, tactical voting entails the various techniques used by most third parties to challenge the dominance and governance of the two major parties (Robins and Jones 56). As a result, tactical voting has been used to replace unpopular governments and ineffective opposition parties in the UK for many decades now. However, the most spectacular show of tactical voting appears in 1997 whereby the Labour Party enjoyed a clean sweep of majority seats despite the Liberal Democrats claiming a reasonable number of parliamentary seats. In addition, the Conservatives suffered a disastrous blow during the 1997 elections because the party lost almost all the seats in some regions where the tactical voting technique was successfully executed (Sanders 20). Subsequently, the Labour Party was also affected by tactical voting in 2005 whereby most voters failed to support the party because they felt that the Iraq war was unwarranted, and thus the voters were out to punish the political elite. Consequently, other third parties gained from tactical voting with the Liberal Democrats obtaining a historical tally of 62 parliamentary seats in 2005 (Denver 604). Thus, it is probable that the majoritarian system of a two-party democracy is weakening, and it will soon come to an end. Relative to the discussions above, it is arguably correct to state that the UK is still made up of a two-party system despite that the system’s popularity is weakening due to proportional representation of political parties, which threatens to replace the two-party system with a multi-party system. However, in some regions such as Scotland and Wales, the two-party system has been completely replaced by a four-party voting system whereby the Labour Party is still the dominant party, and the Liberal Democrats together with other Nationalist parties assume the second place while the Conservatives are trail in the last position (Bartle and Allen 45). Furthermore, the two main parties in the UK can no longer form the government on a minority vote, and thus, the two parties depend on the first-past-the-post system to form the working majority in parliament. Through the first-past-the-post system, which manipulates the balance the seats held by a particular political party and the total votes cast to favor the dominance of the two main parties, the influence of other third parties in politics at the national level is still overshadowed (Blau 453). Therefore, the first-past-the-post electoral system gives the impression of the existence of a two-party system in the UK to date. For instance, in the period from 2005 to 2010, there is evidence of a return to the traditional voting tactics despite the emergence of new and powerful party leaders. And in the 2010 elections, the Conservatives demonstrated their d ominance in British politics despite the popularity of the Liberal Democratic leader increasing suddenly (Bartle and Allen 65). Furthermore, Scotland shocked many by supporting the Labour Party as opposed to the Liberal Democrats, and in other regions, the support for the two main parties was almost the same as in the past years. Therefore, the probability that a two-party system is still intact in the UK is relatively high despite the electorate expressing concern over the credibility of the two main parties in delivering popular policies relative to the ever changing political and economic environments. Conclusions The essay presents the discussions for and against the notion that the UK is still made up of a two-party system. The foregoing discussions show that the Conservatives and the Labour party have been enjoying political dominance over the years with the period from 1945 to 1970 being characterized by a classic two-party system. Furthermore, the two-party system has been i n place parallel to the existence of other third parties such as the Liberal Democrats and the nationalists, which are at a political disadvantage because they lack enough resources and candidates who can make a national political impact. However, the period from 1970 to date has been marked by the emergence of strong support for third parties against the two main parties. Therefore, despite that the third parties have failed to replace the two-party system with a multi-party system, the parties have made a significant impact in British politics in terms of encouraging proportional representation of most political parties in some political jurisdictions in the UK. However, the first-past-the-post electoral system is still intact and in full support of the two-party system, and thus more needs to be done in terms of encouraging electoral reforms to counter or replace the two-party system in the UK. Works Cited Bartle, John and Allen Nicholas. Britain at the polls 2010. London: Sage P ublications Ltd, 2010. Print. Bassett, Reginald. Essentials of parliamentary democracy. 2nd ed. London: Charles Birchall Sons Ltd, 1964. Print. Blau, Adrian. â€Å"A quadruple whammy for first-past-the-post.† Electoral Studies 23.3 (2004): 431-453. Print. Clarke, Harold, Stewart Marianne, and Zuk Gary. â€Å"Politics, economics and party popularity in Britain, 1979-83.† Electoral Studies 5.2 (1986): 123-141. Print. Denver, David. â€Å"The results: how Britain voted.† Parliamentary Affairs 63.4 (2010): 588 606. Print. Field, William. â€Å"Policy and the British voter: council housing, social change, and party preference in the 1980s.† Electoral Studies 16.2 (1997): 195-202. Print. Ingle, Stephen. The British party system: an introduction. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2008. Print. Johnston, Robert, Pattie Claire, and Johnston Lan. â€Å"The impact of constituency spending on the results of the 1987 British general elections.† Electoral Studies 8.2 (1989): 143-155. Print. Kelly, Richard. Changing party policy in Britain: an introduction. UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1999. Print. Mughan, Anthony. â€Å"General election forecasting in Britain: a comparison of three simple models.† Electoral Studies 6.3 (1987): 195-207. Print. Robins, Lynton and Jones, Bill. Half a century of British politics. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997. Print. Sanders, David. â€Å"Pre-election polling in Britain, 1950-1997.† Electoral Studies 22.1 (2003): 1-20. Print. Webb, Paul. The British party system. London: Sage Publications Ltd, 2000. Print. Whiteley, Paul, Sanders David, Stewart Marianne, and Clarke Harold. â€Å"Aggregate level forecasting of the 2010 general election in Britain: the seats-votes model.† Electoral Studies 3.1 (2010): 354-361. Print. Whiteley, Paul. â€Å"Evaluating rival forecasting models of the 2005 general election in Britain-An encompassing experiment.† Electoral Studies 27.4 (2008): 581-588. Print. This essay on Is the UK still a two-party system? was written and submitted by user Thomas Blevins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The History of Prohibition in the United States

The History of Prohibition in the United States Prohibition was a period of nearly 14 years of U.S. history (1920 to 1933) in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor was made illegal. It was a time characterized by speakeasies, glamor, and gangsters and a period of time in which even the average citizen broke the law. Interestingly,  Prohibition, sometimes referred to as the Noble Experiment, led to the first and only time an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was repealed. Temperance Movements After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise. To combat this, a number of societies were organized as part of a new Temperance movement, which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated. At first, these organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movements focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption. The Temperance movement blamed alcohol for many of societys ills, especially crime and murder. Saloons, a social haven for men who lived in the still untamed West, were viewed by many, especially women, as a place of debauchery and evil. Prohibition, members of the Temperance movement urged, would stop husbands from spending all the family income on alcohol and prevent accidents in the workplace caused by workers who drank during lunch. The 18th Amendment Passes At the beginning of the 20th century, there were Temperance organizations in nearly every state. By 1916, over half of the U.S. states already had statutes that prohibited alcohol. In 1919, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol, was ratified. It went into effect on January 16, 1920- beginning the era known as Prohibition. The Volstead Act While it was the 18th Amendment that established Prohibition, it was the Volstead Act (passed on October 28, 1919) that clarified the law. The Volstead Act stated that beer, wine, or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquors meant any beverage that was more than 0.5% alcohol by volume. The Act also stated that owning any item designed to manufacture alcohol was illegal and it set specific fines and jail sentences for violating Prohibition. Loopholes There were, however, several loopholes for people to legally drink during Prohibition. For instance, the 18th Amendment did not mention the actual drinking of liquor. Also, since Prohibition went into effect a full year after the 18th Amendments ratification, many people bought cases of then-legal alcohol and stored them for personal use. The Volstead Act allowed alcohol consumption if it was prescribed by a doctor. Needless to say, large numbers of new prescriptions were written for alcohol. Gangsters and Speakeasies For people who didnt buy cases of alcohol in advance or know a good doctor, there were illegal ways to drink during Prohibition. A new breed of gangster arose during this period. These people took notice of the amazingly high level of demand for alcohol within society and the extremely limited avenues of supply to the average citizen. Within this imbalance of supply and demand, gangsters saw a profit. Al Capone in Chicago is one of the most famous gangsters of this time period. These gangsters would hire men to smuggle in rum from the Caribbean (rumrunners) or hijack whiskey from Canada and bring it into the U.S. Others would buy large quantities of liquor made in homemade stills. The gangsters would then open up secret bars (speakeasies) for people to come in, drink, and socialize. During this period, newly hired Prohibition agents were responsible for raiding speakeasies, finding stills, and arresting gangsters, but many of these agents were underqualified and underpaid, leading to a high rate of bribery. Attempts to Repeal the 18th Amendment Almost immediately after the ratification of the 18th Amendment, organizations formed to repeal it. As the perfect world promised by the Temperance movement failed to materialize, more people joined the fight to bring back liquor. The anti-Prohibition movement gained strength as the 1920s progressed, often stating that the question of alcohol consumption was a local issue and not something that should be in the Constitution. Additionally, the Stock Market Crash in 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression started changing peoples opinion. People needed jobs. The government needed money. Making alcohol legal again would open up many new jobs for citizens and additional sales taxes for the government. The 21st Amendment Is Ratified On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, making alcohol once again legal. This was the first and only time in U.S. history that an Amendment has been repealed.

Hamlet's Describe Ophelia's Mad Scene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hamlet's Describe Ophelia's Mad Scene - Essay Example Ophelia leaves and re-enters, this time singing of the way her father was buried. Her lyrics are quite meaningful and bring the weaknesses of Gertrude and Claudius to the limelight. Her madness is important for Claudius because he thinks it to be the reason for a change in Hamlet’s attitude. Laertes is provoked by the saddening songs of his sister. Her songs remind Laertes of his killed father. Therefore, his passion to take revenge of his father’s murder flares up because of ophelia’s songs. Ophelia’s indication of the seduction of maids causes the audience to think as if Hamlet has had an affair with her on a physical level, though this mystery remains unresolved throughout the play. Gertrude is particularly disturbed by Ophelia’s song because inspired Laertes may harm Claudius taking him for the murderer of Polonius. Later, Ophelia offers different flowers to Claudius, Gertrude and Laertes. To Laertes, Ophelia presents Rosemary and Pansies. To Cl audius, Ophelia hands over Daisies and Rues and she gives Columbines and Fennel to Gertrude. In Shakespeare’s age, each of these flowers had standard meanings. Pansies and Rosemary were used to signify remembrance. Thus, by giving Laertes these flowers, Ophelia essentially makes Laertes remember his father and encourages him to take his revenge. Columbines and Fennels signified unfaithfulness and flattery respectively.

Creating the Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creating the Myth - Essay Example Creating the Myth â€Å"Myths are common stories at the root of our universal existence.†(Seger 356-364) Meaning that these stories have been told since mankind first began to tell stories. As different as they may be in appearance, we all have a familiarity that could be called comforting. They speak to a part of us. It is something that can connect each and every one of us regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, or geographic location, because it is in some way a part of all people all over the world. It is called â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† It is present in our stories, fairytales, ritual, but it is part of our general psychological development as individuals, as well.(Vogel) â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† follows the central figure of the story. The hero is an archetype that stands as a representation, in most cases, of what is good. (â€Å"Oracle ThinkQuest†) We will then follow the hero through his adventures, quests, trials and tribulations, through love and loss; all in hopes of seeing the hero succeed in the end. Star Wars, in particular, is a perfect example of â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† and the central character of Luke Skywalker is the perfect example of the hero archetype. He is normal. His life is simple. He dreams of more. In meeting his mentor in the desert he finds his guide in starting his quest. His whole world changes, literally in his case as he does, in fact, leave his home planet behind. He meets amazing characters and gains greater power. We see ourselves in the hero. We all want to be that person of average, humble beginnings intended for greater things. All the disappointments and pitfalls of our lives are just road blocks on the way to our destiny. Someday we will all get to blow up the Death Star. The hero archetype can present itself in many ways. Not every hero is automatically an easy hero as Luke Skywalker. â€Å"The Thematic Paradigm† shows that the hero in a story, are people that possess completely opposite traits.(Ray 342-351) Meaning that the character may be a mobster who tenderly sings to his houseplants. Two sides in the same person, light and dark, and little good and a little bad all at once. This makes their behavior not as easy to predict. Ray, also, explains that there is more than one kind of hero. The â€Å"bad, bad, boy† template, which can be seen in the ShowTime series Dexter, follows the story of a main character who happens to be a serial killer. Now Luke Skywalker is an example of the traditional â€Å"good, good boy† representation. (3) Meaning simply, that he is the white knight, just and moral. But, the character of Han Solo, who is essentially a gambling mercenary, is considered the reluctant hero.(3) He is capable of being heroic, but it will take some pushing in the right direction in order for him to overcome his more selfish nature. â€Å"Myths are marketable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Seger 356-364) This is clearly true. The majority of, what would be called blockbusters are movies that have made their way into modern culture and have always followed â€Å"The Hero’s Journey†

Jennifer Hudson Essay Example for Free

Jennifer Hudson Essay Jennifer Hudsons I Got This is a personal memoir of her life, from her early childhood to her current life. Jennifer talks about her journey to stardom including her challenges, tragedies, and her triumphs. Throughout the book Jennifer continuously talks about how her weight had kept her from getting the parts she would audition for. However, once she lost the weight many doors were open for her. She also gives high praises to Weightwatchers for helping her lose over 80 pounds. Jennifer Hudson made it clear that she was always comfortable with her body and only lost the weight so that she could be a healthy mother for her son. She did not lose the weight for anybody else but for herself and her son. This book was published in January 2012. Jennifer Hudson was born September 12, 1981, in the Englewood area of Chicago. She was the third child of her parents of her parents, Darnell Hudson Donnerson and Samuel Simpson. She was raised in a single parent home with her brother, Jason Hudson, and her sister, Julia Hudson, by her mother. As a little girl Jennifer was very small, so small that you could see her ribs through her shirts. Her mother took her to the doctor because she thought something was wrong with her. Being skinny was not common in the Hudson family. You see food was a central focus for the majority of all the Hudson family gatherings. Jennifer’s best friend and personal assistant is a gay guy named Walter. She met Walter in the sixth grade and they have been best friends ever since. The first time he heard her sing was in music class and from that day he has been her number one fan. Walter made it his personal goal to make Jennifer a star. During her high school years she would sing in different contests and talent shows all over Chicago that Walter would sign her up for; soon thereafter he began booking performances ranging from weddings to funerals for Jennifer. At one point she was in a singing group, with two other girls called Final Notice, but this didn’t last long. They kept her around, as long as they did because she had the most talent, but they let her go because she had the most weight. By the age of nineteen she had reached her peak weight of 236 pounds. This is around the time she realized that her weight was out of control and she was getting passed over for singing gigs because she didn’t look the part. Needless to say, she was astonished that she was being judged on her appearance and not her talent. Jennifer was signed to her first record label, Righteous Records, a Chicago based independent label. It was during this time that she was first motivated to lose weight because the head of the company pitted her against another girl on the label to lose weight. He told them that whoever lost the most weight would win money and be able to release their album first. On this journey of losing weight, Jennifer stopped eating fried foods, red meat, pizza, carbonated soda, and ice cream; which were all of her favorites. She started working out every day and twice on some days. This went on for years. She would lose weight because someone said she needed to if she wanted the job, only to regain the weight upon completion of the part. In the summer of 2002 American Idol made its television debut, Jennifer was encouraged by her mother to audition for the show. Jennifer was not impressed and did not want to have anything to do with the show, that is, until Kelly Clarkson was named the first American Idol. Although the show had sparked something in Jennifer she still resisted auditioning for the second season since she had landed a job with Disney working on a cruise ship. After eight months, away from home, performing on the ship, Jennifer had had enough and went back home. To her surprise, when she got back to Chicago Walter had two airline tickets for Atlanta to go to the audition for season three of American Idol. Being on American Idol, Jennifer had gained a great deal of exposure, which opened the door for her next gig, which was a record deal to record her first album. While she was working on this album she started hearing rumors about a new movie, which was Dreamgirls; and that the producers wanted her for the role. After auditioning twice she was chosen to play the part of Effie in the movie. She had not done any professional acting until this role and the rest is history. For the first time in her career she was told she needed to gain weight, they wanted her to gain twenty pounds so she could really look like Effie. This was a total shock to Jennifer, especially after so many years of being passed over and judged on her appearance over her talent. Well, she gained the weight and starred in her first motion picture. After the production of Dreamgirls, Jennifer returned home and started her mission to lose the weight she had gained for the role. She went right back to the only way she knew to lose weight. Eating only brown rice, chicken, and broccoli, coupled with running every day. She worked hard the entire summer losing the extra pounds only to have the producers call her, near the end of the summer, needing to get some pickup shots of her to finish the film, and oh yeah telling her to regain the weight. She refused to succumb to their request and they found a way to work around it. In September of 2008, Jennifer’s mother, brother and nephew were killed in a shooting; Jennifer stepped out of the limelight for three months. After the birth of her son, Jennifer was again around 236 pounds. This was precisely the time she made the conscience decision to make a permanent change in her life to lose weight and keep it off. She initially began this quest the only way she knew how by limiting herself to very few food choices, but then she was introduced to Weightwatchers. Eighty plus pounds later, Jennifer is pleased with her decision to give Weightwatchers a try, and now she is a spokesperson for the program.

Keeping the Family Together in A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- Lorraine H

Keeping the Family Together in A Raisin In The Sun   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What a loving mother! Lena Younger, or Mama, is nurturing and supportive when it comes to raising and maintaining a family. Personally speaking, being nurturing means to love, care for, and show concern over someone. Analyzing Mama’s relationships with family members can show us her view on parenting and ultimately show us her devotion to her family. In A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, Mama is a nurturing mother who cares for and protects her family in her struggle to keep them unified.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only does Lena Younger protect Travis from getting yelled at by his mother, but also she protects his feelings. At this point in the play Mama’s nurturing attitude is seen through her defending Travis from the authority of his mother. On one occasion Travis gives his grandmother a gift, a hat which he is very proud of. At the sight of her gift the rest of the family breaks out in laughter. Without skipping a beat Mama’s nurturing bursts out. She quickly snaps, â€Å"What’s the matter with you all! This here is a beautiful hat!† (Hansberry 1433). To me this can be seen as commanding respect for Travis. By automatically respecting Travis, the family could be brought closer together and could display a sense of equality. Mama is a loving, nurturing woman and her interactions with her grandson express this point.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mama’s most blatant act of unification of this family is centered around Travis. Upon coming back to t...

LVMH: Corporate Structure and Business Plan

GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE The Board of Directors is the strategy body of LVMH Moet Hennessy – Louis Vuitton SA. The competence, integrity and responsibility of its members, clear and fair decisions reached collectively, and effective and secure controls are the ethical principles that govern the Board. The key priorities pursued by LVMH’s Board of Directors are enterprise value creation and the defense of the Company’s interests. LVMH’s Board of Directors acts as guarantor of the rights of each of its shareholders and ensures that shareholders ful? ll all of their duties.The Company adheres to the Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies published by AFEP and MEDEF. The Board of Directors shall have a maximum of 18 members, a third of whom at least are appointed from among prominent independent persons with no interests in the Company The number of Directors or permanent representatives of legal entities from outside companies, shall be limited to four . Apart from the selection of the Company’s management structure and the appointment of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Of? cer and Group ManagingDirector(s), the principal missions of the Board of Directors are to: – ensure that the Company’s interests and assets are protected; – de? ne the broad strategic orientations of the Company and the Group and ensure that their implementation is monitored; – approve the Company’s annual and half-yearly ? nancial statements; – review the essential characteristics of the internal control and risk management systems adopted and implemented by the Company; – ensure that major risks to which the Company is exposed are in keeping with its strategies and its objectives, and that they are taken into account in the management of the Company; verify the quality, reliability and fairness of the information provided to shareholders concerning the Company and the Group, in p articular to ensure that the management structure and the internal control and risk management systems are able to guarantee the quality and reliability of ? nancial information published by the Company and to give a true and fair view of the results and the ? nancial position of the Company and the Group; – set out the organization principles and procedures for the Performance Audit Committee; – disseminate the collective values that guide the Company nd its employees and that govern relationships with consumers and with partners and suppliers of the Company and the Group; – promote a policy of economic development consistent with a social and citizenship policy based on concepts that include respect for human beings and the preservation of the environment in which it operates. The Board of Directors shall hold at least four meetings a year Decisions by the Board of Directors shall be made by simple majority vote and are adopted as a board. If they deem appropr iate, independent Directors may meet without requiring the presence of the other members of theBoard of Directors. For special or important issues, the Board of Directors may establish one or more ad hoc committees. Each member of the Board of Directors shall act in the interests and on behalf of all shareholders. Once each year, the Board of Directors evaluates its procedures and informs shareholders as to its conclusions in a report presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting. In addition, at least once every three years, a fully documented review of the work of the Board, its organization and its procedures is conducted. The Shareholders’ Meeting shall set the total amount ofDirectors’ fees to be paid to the members of the Board of Directors. This amount shall be distributed among all members of the Board of Directors and the Advisors, if any, on the recommendation of the members of the Directors’ Nominations and Compensation Committee, taking into account their speci? c responsibilities on the Board A specialized committee responsible for auditing performance operates within the Board of Directors, acting under the responsibility of the Board of Directors. The Performance Audit Committee shall be made up of at least three Directors appointed by the Board of Directors.At least two thirds of the members shall be independent Directors. The majority of the Committee’s members must have held a position as a Managing Director or a position involving equivalent responsibilities or possess speci? c expertise in ? nancial and accounting matters. The Board of Directors shall appoint a Chairman of the Committee from among its members. The maximum term of the Chairman of the Committee is ? ve years. Neither the Chairman of the Board of Directors nor any Director performing the duties of Chief Executive Of? cer or Group Managing Director of LVMH may be a member of theCommittee. A Director may not be appointed as a member of the Committee i f he or she comes from a company for which an LVMH Director serves as a member of a committee comparable in function. The principal missions of the Committee are to: – monitor the process for preparing ? nancial information, particularly the individual company and consolidated ?nancial statements, and verify the quality of this information; – monitor the statutory audit of the individual company and consolidated ? nancial statements by the Statutory Auditors , whose conclusions and recommendations it examines; ensure the existence, pertinence, application and effectiveness of internal control and risk management systems, monitor the ongoing effectiveness of these systems, and make recommendations to the Chief Executive Of? cer concerning the priorities and general guidelines for the work of the Internal Audit team; – examine risks to the Statutory Auditors’ independence and, if necessary, identify safeguards to be put in place in order to minimize the pot ential of risks to compromise their independence, issue an opinion on the fees paid to the Statutory Auditors, as well as those paid to the network to hich they belong, by the Company and the companies it controls or is controlled by, whether in relation to their statutory audit responsibilities or other related assignments, oversee the procedure for the selection of the Company’s Statutory Auditors, and make a recommendation on the appointments to be submitted to the Shareholders’ Meeting in consideration of the results of this procedure; – analyze the exposure of the Company and the Group to risks, and in particular to those identi? ed by the internal control and risk management systems, as well as material off–balance sheet commitments of the Company and the Group; review major agreements entered into by Group companies and agreements entered into by any Group company with a third-party company in which a Director of the LVMH parent company is also a s enior executive or principal shareholder. Signi? cant operations within the scope of the provisions of Article L. 225-38 of the French Commercial Code require an opinion issued by an independent expert appointed upon the proposal of the Performance Audit Committee; – assess any instances of con? ict of interest that may affect a Director and recommend suitable measures to prevent or correct them. Compensation CommitteeThe Committee shall meet at least twice a year, without the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Of? cer and the Group Managing Director(s), before the Board of Directors’ meetings in which the agenda includes a review of the annual and half-yearly parent company and consolidated ?nancial statements. If necessary, the Committee may be required to hold special meetings, when an event occurs that may have a signi? cant effect on the parent company or consolidated ? nancial statements. Decisions of the Committee shall be made by simple maj ority vote and shall be deemed to have been reached as a board.The proceedings of each Committee meeting shall be recorded in minutes of the meeting. The Committee shall report on its work to the Board of Directors. It shall submit to the Board its ? ndings, recommendations and suggestions. The Committee may request any and all accounting, legal or ?nancial documents it deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities. The Committee may call upon the Company’s staff members responsible for preparing the ? nancial statements, carrying out internal control procedures, conducting internal audits, applying risk management or cash management procedures, nvestigating tax or legal matters, as well as the Statutory Auditors, to appear before it on any number of occasions to address issues in detail, without requiring the presence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Of? cer, or Group Managing Director(s) of LVMH. These meetings may also take place in the absence of thos e responsible for the accounting and ? nancial functions. After having duly noti? ed the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Committee may seek assistance from external experts if circumstances require. The Committee members and its Chairman may receive a pecial Director’s fee, the amount of which shall be determined by the Board of Directors and charged to the total ? nancial package allocated by the Shareholders’ Meeting. 1. Subject to the exceptions provided by law, the Board of Directors is composed of three to eighteen members, who may be individuals or legal entities appointed by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. A legal entity must, at the time of its appointment, designate an individual, who will be its permanent representative on the Board of Directors. The term of of? ce of a permanent representative is the same as the legal entity that he represents. . Each member of the Board of Directors must during its term of of? ce own at least ? ve hundred (500) shares of the Company. If, at the time of its appointment, a member of the Board of Directors does not own the required number of shares or if, during its term of of? ce, it ceases to be the owner thereof, it shall dispose of a period of six months to purchase such number of shares, in default of which it shall be automatically deemed to have resigned. 3. Nobody being more than seventy years old shall be appointed Director if, as a result of his appointment, the umber of Directors who are more than seventy years old would exceed one-third of the members of the Board. Directors are appointed for a term of three years. The duties of a Director shall terminate at the close of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting convened to approve the accounts of the preceding ? scal year and held in the year during which the term of of? ce of said Director comes to an end. A salaried employee of the Company may be appointed as a Director provided that his employment contract antedates his appointment and corresponds to a position actually held.In such case, he shall not lose the bene? t of his employment contract. The number of Directors bound to the Company by an employment contract may not exceed one-third of the Directors in of? ce. The Board of Directors shall elect a Chairman, who must be an individual, from among its members. It shall determine his term of of? ce, which cannot exceed that of his of? ce as Director and may dismiss him at any time. The Board shall also determine the compensation to be paid to the Chairman. The Chairman of the Board of Directors cannot be more than seventy-? ve years old.The Board may always elect one or several Vice-Chairman(men). It shall determine their term of of? ce which cannot exceed that of their respective of? ce as Director. The of? cers of the meeting are the Chairman, the ViceChairman(men) and the Secretary. The Secretary may be chosen from outside the Directors or the shareholders. The Board determines its term of of ? ce. The Secretary may always be re-elected. The Board, convened by its Chairman, meets as often as required by the interests of the Company. The Board of Directors sets guidelines for the Company’s ctivities and shall ensure their implementation. Subject to the powers expressly granted to the Shareholders’ Meetings and within the limits of the corporate purpose, it addresses any issue relating to the Company’s proper operation and settles the affairs concerning it through its resolutions. In its relations with third parties, the Company is bound even by acts of the Board of Directors falling outside the scope of the corporate purpose, unless it demonstrates that the third party knew that the act exceeded such purpose or that it could not have ignored it given the circumstances, it being speci? d that mere publication of the Bylaws is not suf? cient proof thereof. The Board of Directors performs such monitoring and veri? cations as it deems appropriate. Each Di rector receives all necessary information for completing his assignment and may request any documents he deems useful. The Company shall be audited, as provided by law, by one or more Statutory Auditors legally entitled to be elected as such. When the conditions provided by law are met, the Company must appoint at least two Statutory Auditors. Each Statutory Auditor is appointed by the OrdinaryShareholders’ Meeting. One or more supplementary deputy Statutory Auditors, who may be called to replace the regular Statutory Auditors in the event of death, disability, resignation or refusal to perform their duties, are appointed by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Shareholders’ Meetings shall be convened and held as provided by law. A Shareholders’ Meeting is chaired by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in his absence, by the oldest ViceChairman of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of the latter, by a Member of the Board for that purpose.If n o chairman has been appointed, the Meeting elects its Chairman. The voting right attached to a share is proportional to the share of the capital it represents. When having the same nominal value, each share, either in capital or redeemed (â€Å"de jouissance†), gives right to one vote. However a voting right equal to twice the voting right attached to other shares, with respect to the portion of the share capital that they represent, is granted: – to all fully paid up registered shares for which evidence of registration under the name of the same shareholder during at least three years will be brought; to registered shares allocated to a shareholder in case of increase of the capital by capitalization of reserves, or of pro? ts carried forward or of issue premiums due to existing shares for which it was entitled to bene? t from this right. The Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting makes decisions which do not amend the Bylaws. It is convened at least once a year, withi n six months from the end of each ? scal year to vote on the accounts of that ? scal year. In order to pass valid resolutions, the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, convened upon ? rst notice, must consist of hareholders, present or represented, holding at least one-? fth of total voting shares. The deliberations of an Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, convened upon second notice, shall be valid regardless of the number of shareholders present or represented. The resolutions of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting are approved by a majority of the votes of the shareholders present or represented. The copies or abstracts of the minutes of the Meetings shall be validly certi? ed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Of? cer, or the Secretary of the Meeting. Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings shall xercise their respective powers as provided by law. The dividend payment terms are de? ned by the Shareholders’ Meeting o r, if the Meeting fails to do so, by the Board of Directors. However, dividends must be paid within a maximum period of nine months after the ? scal year-end, unless such period is extended by Court order. (The reference for the Company is the AFEP-MEDEF â€Å"Corporate Governance Code for Traded Companies†. ) Main SHAREHOLDERS Christian Dior, the luxury goods group, is the main holding company of LVMH, owning 42. 36% of its shares, and 59. 01% of its voting rights. 5] Bernard Arnault, majority shareholder of Dior, is Chairman of both companies and CEO of LVMH. the only declared major shareholder in LVMH was Groupe Arnault, the family holding company of Bernard Arnault. The group's control amounted to 47. 64% of LVMH's stock (with 42. 36% held through Christian Dior S. A. and 5. 28% held directly) and 63. 66% of its voting rights (59. 01% by Dior and 4. 65% directly). [5] A further 2. 43% of shares were declared as treasury stock, with the remainder being free float. ________ ___________________RICOMINCIA DA QUI_________________________________ STAKEHOLDERS COMPETITORS:LVMH competes in the luxury market with an array of small private and publicly held companies that make designer clothing, wine, watches, and other luxury goods. Unlike LVMH, most of these companies usually have only one brand in their portfolios. The most direct competitors to LVMH are Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR), a French luxury holdings company that includes such brands as Yves Saint Laurent and Gucci, and Compagnie Financiere Richemont, a Swiss luxury company that includes such brands as Cartier and Montblanc. ?PPR is a French retailer and luxury goods company. It is very similar to LVMH in both size and earnings.One distinct advantage LVMH holds over PPR is international diversification. Though a majority of PPR's brands are luxury, it also owns Puma, a sportswear line for men and women that is more affordable and as a broader consumer base, thereby increasing its market. The luxu ry brands that directly compete with LVMH fall under Gucci Group and are: Alexander McQueen, Bottega Veneta, Balenciaga, Yves Saint Laurent, Stella McCartney, Gucci, Boucheron and Sergio Rossi. ?Compagnie Financiere Richemont is much smaller than LVMH in terms of revenue, but earned a similar operating margin on its revenue.Richemont is primarily focused on watches and jewelry. Therefore, in its main business Richemont does not face stiff competition from either company. The most competition comes from the fashion and leather goods divisions, namely Dunhill, Azzedine Alaia, Shanghai Tang, Chloe and the leather goods brand Lancel. All are luxury brands and compete directly with LVMH. [8] ? Valentino Fashion Group S. p. A is an international luxury goods conglomerate. It owns the prestigious brand Valentino as well as luxury brand Hugo Boss.It also has licenses for Marlboro Classics and M Missoni (a lower-priced line inspired by the designs of privately-owned Missoni). Valentino Fashi on Group also has its own brands: Lebole, Oxon and Portrait. In addition, Valentino Fashion Group owns 45% of the luxury American brand Proenza Schouler. Like LVMH, Valentino owns a number of other luxury brands including Valentino and Hugo Boss produce apparel, accessories and fragrances for both men and women. Both conglomerates sell their goods side-by-side in luxury department stores as well as freestanding boutiques. SUPPLIERS: Same behavior as LVMH + acting well towards natureTo ensure effective environmental control, the companies of the Group are conducting an awareness program with their suppliers and subcontractors. Designing packaging that prevents the waste of raw materials and generates smaller waste volumes is a principle of both good management and respect for the environment. This can only be done if we thoroughly understand the effects of the product on the biosphere, from manufacture to disposal. This is the role of Life Cycle Analysis, a method applied by the LVMH group since 1993, in its initial study on the path followed by a standard Hennessy product.The implementation of actions to reduce the products impacts throughout their life cycle implies to work closely with the suppliers and subcontractors. Programs to make lighter packaging are critical and are coordinated at Group level. We start studying a product's packaging from the product's design stage. The design/development, purchasing and marketing teams work with suppliers in multi-disciplinary groups and use a value analysis method to reconcile impeccable quality and aesthetics for the consumer with marketing requirements, optimized manufacturing processes, and our desire to use raw materials sparingly.Preserving biological diversity is a vital issue for the evolution of life on earth. LVMH group has built its businesses on a sustainable relationship with the natural environment, and consequently uses elements that are neutral or without impact on our ecosystems, either by growing pl ants or raising animals, or by using surplus elements. In this way, it complies in an exemplary manner with the regulations protecting rare species. The research work of LVMH's R&D laboratories in the village of Koro in Burkina Faso continues to bear fruit.In the spring of 2004, the Bikini line of Christian Dior acquired a new active ingredient: Anogelline. EMPLOYEES The group currently employs more than 83,000 people. [1] 30% of LVMH's staff work in France. LVMH operates over 2,400 stores worldwide. [10] LVMH actively supports the professional development of its employees. The decentralized organization of the LVMH group encourages individual initiative. Human Resources teams deploy a variety of concrete tools to develop talents, including training, geographic and functional mobility andrecruitement.The annual Organizational Management Review plays a pivotal role in identifying talents and succession planning. This dynamic process is central to recognizing the contributions and tal ents of the Group's people. It ensures motivating advancement within the Group by identifying key positions, internal resources and the human resources needed to drive continued growth at LVMH companies. LVMH also carries out regular performance appraisals to identify employees' strong points and opportunities for improvement, as well as their personal goals.These appraisals serve as the basis for concrete action to enable people to achieve fulfulling career objectives. Training is distributed between the Group, itsbusiness divisions and the brands themselves, always focused on enriching the skillsets of employees and sharpening their performance to help them flourish in the LVMH ecosystem. Training programs address needs that have been identified and discussed during annual performance appraisal interviews. Technical skills are the responsibility of brands, which sometimes pool training across business groups.LVMH actively encourages all employees to reach their potential as they p ursue fulfilling careers. The Group is committed to promoting diversity and energizing the wealth of human resources at all its companies and in all the host countries where it operates. INSURANCE: Of the most prestigious luxury houses, six post sales of over a billion euros annually. They include Gucci, Hermes, LVMH and L'Oreal, all of whom are clients of Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty France for their transport, property and liability insurance programs. AGCS France will market its transport insurance solution through a variety of intermediaries.These include key luxury industry brokers whose current clients, including subcontractors, may be interested; the Colbert Committee, an association of over 70 luxury companies; Colipa, the European cosmetics association; and the Confederation des Arts de la Table (CAT, the French tableware association). On the heels of this new transport insurance solution other new products will be developed, with the goal of offering a dedicated ra nge for all luxury goods companies. CUSTOMERS: LVMH made a fortune thanks to customer loyalty, and to keep these customers it’s opening shops both in the U. S. ut also in developing countries such as India and China In all, Louis Vuitton now has 96 stores open in the United States, which Slavinsky says is almost evenly divided between freestanding stores and leased in-store boutiques. The company's strength owes a lot to customer loyalty — especially to Louis Vuitton, which analysts estimate accounts for about 60 percent of LVMH's earnings. Demand for its products — from $100 coin purses to the new $5,500 Theda multi-buckled, gilt-trimmed handbags in colors such as turquoise and pink — is so strong that Vuitton's margin topped 45 percent last year; its U.S. sales alone grew 38 percent. To meet the demand, Vuitton is expanding. LOCAL COMMUNITIES The Group believes that our own development must integrate the search for a better quality of life for our custo mers, employees, shareholders, and the regions and various communities affected by our production and distribution operations throughout the world. The Group's commitment towards environmental protection materialized in 2001 by the the â€Å"Environmental Charter† was reinforced in 2003 by joining the United Nations' Global Compact.That initiative, which was launched by Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the UN, requires its signatories to apply and promote nine principles in the field of human rights, labor and the environment. Thus LVMH implements the concept of sustainable development. Aim for a high level of environmental performance In developing its businesses internationally, LVMH works to align its practices with those that offer the best level of environmental protection around the world. Foster a collective commitmentThe environment is the responsibility of every individual and LVMH believes that the awareness, education and training of its employees are top prioritie s. To ensure a continued high level of environmental performance, the Group believes it is vital for each company to set precise environmental objectives and implement a management system dedicated to this process. Control environmental hazards In addition to the most stringent compliance with environmental regulations, which is an absolute duty, the Group intends to focus on risk prevention. As a result, it allocates human and material resources to this goal.Design luxury products by integrating environmental innovation and creativity Guided by its overriding concern for high quality, LVMH is working to improve control and better anticipate the environmental aspects related to the life cycle of its products. LVMH encourages all processes that result in environmental innovations and accepts its duty to exercise prudence and take precautions to ensure total safety for the consumer. Make commitments outside the company LVMH intends to contribute to the protection of the environment ab ove and beyond just the aspects directly related to its own businesses.Because it considers that promoting respect for the environment is essential, LVMH is developing an active partnership with groups of businesses, local communities and the associations which contribute to this objective. INSTITUTIONAL GOALS The mission of the LVMH group is to represent the most refined qualities of Western â€Å"Art de Vivre† around the world. LVMH must continue to be synonymous with both elegance and creativity. Our products, and the cultural values they embody, blend tradition and innovation, and kindle dream and fantasy.In view of this mission, five priorities reflect the fundamental values shared by all Group stakeholders: -Bec reative and innovate – Aim for product excellence – Bolster the image of our brands with passionate determination – Act as entrepreneurs – Strive to be the best in all we do Be creative and innovate Group companies are determined to n urture and grow their creative resources. Their long-term success is rooted in a combination of artistic creativity and technological innovation: they have always been and always will be creators.Their ability to attract the best creative talents, to empower them to create leading-edge designs is the lifeblood of our Group. The same goes for technological innovation. The success of the companies' new products – particularly in cosmetics – rests squarely with research & development teams. This dual value – creativity/innovation – is a priority for all companies. It is the foundation of their continued success. Aim for product excellence Group companies pay the closest attention to every detail and ensure the utter perfection of their products. They symbolize the nobility and perfection of traditional craftsmanship.Each and every one of the objects their customers buy and use exemplifies our brands' tradition of impeccable quality. Never should Group compan ies disappoint, but rather continue to surprise their customers with the quality, endurance, and finish of their products. They never compromise when it comes to product quality. Their search for excellence go well beyond the simple quality of their products: it encompasses the layout and location of our stores, the display of the items they offer, their ability to make their customers feel welcome as soon as they enter our stores†¦All around them, their clients see nothing but quality. Bolster the image of our brands with passionate determination Group brands enjoy exceptional reputation. This would not amount to much, and could not be sustained, if was not backed by the creative superiority and extreme quality of their products. However, without this aura, this extra dimension that somewhat defies logic, this force of expression that transcends reality, the sublime that is the stuff of our dreams, Dior would not be Dior, Louis Vuitton would not be Louis Vuitton, Moet would no t be Moet†¦ The power of the companies' brands is part of LVMH's heritage.It took years and even decades to build their image. They are an asset that is both priceless and irreplaceable. Therefore, Group companies exercise stringent control over every minute detail of their brands' image. In each of the elements of their communications with the public (announcements, speeches, messages, etc. ), it is the brand that speaks. Each message must do right by the brand. In this area as well, there is absolutely no room for compromise. Act as entrepreneurs The Group's organizational structure is decentralized, which fosters efficiency, productivity, and creativity.This type of organization is highly motivating and dynamic. It encourages individual initiative and offers real responsibilities – sometimes early on in one's career. It requires highly entrepreneurial executive teams in each company. This entrepreneurial spirit requires a healthy dose of common sense from managers, as well as hard work, pragmatism, efficiency, and the ability to motivate people in the pursuit of ambitious goals. One needs to share and enjoy this entrepreneurial spirit to – one day – manage a subsidiary or company of the LVMH group.Strive to be the best in all we do Last but not least is our ambition to be the best. In each company, executive teams strive to constantly improve, never be complacent, always try to broaden our skills, improve the quality of our work, and come up with new ideas. The Group encourages this spirit, this thirst for progress, among all of its associates. Code of Conduct In 2010, to provide a set of simple principles and behaviours that should guide the Group and each of us in the everyday conduct of business, LVMH officially adopted a Code of Conduct.LVMH has a global dimension and the world in which we do business is changing at a rapid pace. In the context of this continually evolving business environment, this Code of Conduct constitutes a common benchmark to guide individual initiatives and ensure greater consistency in practices across the Group's companies and geographies. >Code of Conduct (PDF–1 419 Ko) Digital In 2010, the Group also adopted self regulatory on line marketing principles, aligned with the World Federation of Advertisers.